Veterinary code of ethics. Please see the legal disclaimer below.

Administrative: rules set by governmental bodies that regulate veterinary medicine. An incisive examination of relevant and contemporary ethical issues facing veterinary practitioners, students, instructors, and animal researchers. 7619. veterinary practice premises or registered retail pharmacies. VETERINARY P. Expected attitudes and behaviour It is unethical to guarantee a cure. May 2, 2017 · There are several inpatients that require monitoring and administration of a range of medications. Organized veterinary medicine. Despite their importance to the training and guidance of veterinary professionals, Jul 7, 2022 · About this book. It reflects the profession’s core values which provide the founda. 8. Coronel as Members. (a) stay an order made under section 61, pending the hearing of an appeal of that order, and. Young and employees will be honest and ethical in all words, deeds and actions. Exemplary professional conduct displayed Where an amendment has not yet been posted by the Secretary of State, the Board will attempt to provide the text of that rule on this web site. In addition, exemplary ©2009—2024 Bioethics Research Library Box 571212 Washington DC 20057-1212 202. For the sake of simplification and understanding, we may say that the veterinary ethics comprise veterinary professional ethics and the area of animal ethics. The document has been revised for clarity and reformatted into three sections; it features the 1. The appeal of ethics and the demand for ethical accountability have never been stronger and more prominent – witness the forceful assertion of rights by and for people, animals, and nature – yet an understanding of ethics has never been more tentative, and The Code of Ethics provides a framework to guide veterinarians in ethical decision making. The Code LEGAL NOTICE NO. Veterinary medicine, as the distinctive medical discipline we know today, emerged during the nineteenth century as an adjunct to agriculture. Garafraxa, Townline, Belwood, Ontario N0B 1J0; telephone: (519) 846-3413; fax: (519) 846-8178; e-mail: moc. The document outlines the code of ethics for veterinary practitioners in the Philippines. Indiana Veterinary Practice Act. Introduction to Veterinary Ethics. Rollin. net. (2)Five members of the board shall be licensed veterinarians. . Part 5 – Complaints and Discipline. 2: A veterinary practitioner recognises the limits in their own knowledge and experience and seeks appropriate advice to inform their decision-making when needed. [C79, 81, § 169. This video provides guidance on ethical decision making. 21 (relating to schedule of civil penalties—veterinarians and veterinary technicians—statement of policy). Normative ethics, The National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America adopting a code of ethics is an example of which branch of ethics? A. PURPOSE: This rule establishes a professional code of conduct for veterinarians and veterinary technicians. mit. Veterinary Services Provider Information Sheet. In Ethics in Veterinary Practice: Balancing Conflicting Interests, a team of …. 1 Title. Santiago Y. (1) Pursuant to section 340. (5) The purpose of this chapter is to establish a comprehensive scheme to fully occupy the fields of veterinary medicine, veterinary technology, AAHP work on animals, and animal euthanasia, and Veterinary surgeons working in any veterinary centre should act in accordance with the Code of Ethics for Veterinarians. Official ethics C. Members of the public Professional Code of Conduct. The first Board was composed of Dr. Guidance Note – Euthanasia Solution Storage and Record Keeping. Veterinary Council of India (Standards of Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Code of Ethics for Veterinary Practitioners) Regulations, 1992. Exemplary professional conduct upholds the dignity of the veterinary profession. 1 Basic principles of professional conduct The basic principles of professional conduct for a veterinary practitioner are: The NASW Code of Ethics is a set of standards that guide the professional conduct of social workers. 210. —. The RVN requests that his assisting student veterinary nurse (SVN), currently in the first year of training, administer potassium to a patient, as requested by the veterinary surgeon (VS) on the treatment plan, for severe hypokalaemia. The Code of Professional Conduct will assist veterinarians and veterinary nurses in maintaining acceptable professional standards. Ethics is a code of conduct governing an individual or group of people. Competence An ACVO Member is a veterinarian who is educated and trained to provide medical and surgical Aug 9, 2023 · Code of conduct—AVA. 3. “I solemnly dedicate myself to aiding animals and society by providing excellent care and services for animals, by alleviating animal suffering, and by promoting public health. 194. In May 2018, the Quality Assurance Committee reviewed the Code of Ethics and identified areas needing Statement of Intent. Revisions to Cultural Competence standard provide more explicit guidance to social workers. 2. S. Recordkeeping. This chapter consist of two parts. 22. Animals were valued for the food or fiber they provided or for the work they performed, and the veterinarian's role in society was to keep the animals healthy so they could serve people Code of Conduct The European Veterinary Code of Conduct is a set of standards specifying veterinary ethics and principles of professional conduct that all veterinarians should follow. This code of professional ethics reflects what ACVP values as professionals and establishes expectations for practice and research based upon principles of professional and scientific responsibility Jul 15, 2022 · For the veterinary profession, nurses have rules and behaviours specified for registered veterinary nurses (RVN)'s and veterinary surgeons, as defined by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) by means of the Code of Professional Conduct for each respectively. 21, Principle 1(e) (relating to Rules of Professional Conduct for Veterinarians). This chapter is enacted as an exercise of the police powers of the state to promote the public health, safety, and welfare by safeguarding the people of this state against incompetent, dishonest, or unprincipled Violation of rules and regulations, Code of Ethics, Code Technical Standards and other policies of the Board and the Commission issued pursuant to this Act; or; Practicing his/her profession during the period of his/her suspension from the practice of his profession. Rules of Ethics The Rules of Ethics form the second part of this Code of Ethics. Normal ethics B. Chapter 575 Practice and Procedure. The principles are intended to be broad enough to set expectations for veterinarians in any area of veterinary practice. 5. The College, through Strategy 2020, has placed a strong emphasis on promoting professionalism in the practice of veterinary medicine. I pledge myself to: Comply with the principles and declarations of the Veterinary Hospital Managers Association, Inc. A Veterinarian shall have the right to refuse to render service to certain patients or to accept a case. The code of ethics is based on the supposition that the honor and dignity of the profession of veterinary technology lies in a just and reasonable code of ethics. 1 An Officer may be remove. (1)To carry out the provisions of this chapter, there is created within the department the Board of Veterinary Medicine consisting of seven members, who shall be appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the Senate. All social workers should review the new text and affirm their The Code sets out the standards of professional conduct that the public, the veterinary profession and VCNZ expect veterinarians to meet. Preamble. This section cited in 49 Pa. Veterinarians- Indiana Code § 25-38. RCVS Code of Professional Conduct for Veterinary Nurses 2012 About the Code of Professional Conduct The RCVS Code of Professional Conduct sets out veterinary nurses’ professional responsibilities. Section 23. Requirements for Returning to Practice. (b) impose limits or conditions on the practice of veterinary medicine by the respondent during the stay. Rules of Professional Conduct for Veterinarians. The principles provide guidance to veterinarians about the moral obligations o. Supporting guidance provides further advice on the proper standards of professional practice. Show all. The Code of Ethics provides a framework to guide veterinarians. Courtney said, some good resources are the AVMA Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics, the American Animal Hospital Association’s Standards of Accreditation, and state veterinary practice acts. P: (888) 996-2882 F: (908) 359. Schedules to the Indian Veterinary Council Act, 1984. AVMA policy. Code § 31. liamg@llewkcalb. 2 (13), RSMo , the Missouri Veterinary Medical Board adopts the following rules to be referred to as the rules of professional conduct. Society is increasingly evolving, as is the veterinary profession. 11. The Rules of Ethics are enforceable by the ACVO. The Code of Ethics for the veterinary medicine profession was ratified by the members of the Philippine Veterinary Medical Association, Inc. Responses to the case presented are welcome. Rotea as Chairman and Dr. [ 11. Nov 6, 2017 · SUMMARY. Code § 43b. The National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners is encouraged to prepare and include questions regarding professional ethics in the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE). Also, it’s a good idea to have a lawyer assess any code of conduct. 5. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 21. This half examines some of those circumstances when the law intervenes in the practice of veterinary medicine requiring action or Jul 27, 2021 · The Code of Ethics is based on the supposition that the honor and dignity of the professional of veterinary technology lies in the just and reasonable code of ethics. Every veterinarian ought to support the research, development, and use of alternatives to animal experimentation, an care for animal welfare. 750 Route 202 Suite 200 Bridgewater, NJ 08807. Mankind makes use of animals for companionship, work, food, clothing, teaching, research, recreation and sport. 3. The code covers professional conduct, civic Jan 1, 2022 · Veterinary ethics is the application of ethical theories, principles, and rules by professionals and paraprofessionals in resolving ethical dilemmas in the practice of veterinary care. Some of these are: Jul 31, 2023 · An example is the German code of veterinary professional ethics [20,40,47,48], according to which veterinary surgeon must support scientific progress in all fields of medicine and life sciences. VA 101 Quiz 3. Chapter 573 Rules of Professional Conduct. from office by a resolution passed for that purpose at a meeting of the Directors. We will uphold quality of veterinary care and ongoing education to assure the most progressive and scientifically sound medical and surgical procedures, and humane patient care. The Code and supporting guidance are essential Sep 9, 2022 · To help identify and address the concerns of veterinary clients, Dr. PART I – PRELIMINARY. ACTICE169. Licensure requirements or Drug Enforcement Agency registration Key ethics textbooks, as well as regular columns such as In Practice’s Everyday Ethics column and the ethical question of the month in the Canadian Veterinary Journal, tend to apply ethical frameworks and approaches to case-based scenarios and are useful ethics training tools for veterinary students and veterinarians alike [1,21,22]. info@navta. The minimum standards are identified in the Code and related explanatory notes by the use of the word ‘must’. 2 When an Officer’s position is vacant, it may be filled for the b. Our guide to professional conduct has now moved from the consideration of professional etiquette toward a code of professional ethics, and so it becomes important Veterinary surgeons and clients. All veterinarians are expected to adhere to a progressive code of ethical conduct known as the Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (the Principles). 19 KB. 1 Veterinary surgeons must be open and honest with clients and respect their needs and requirements. of veterinary medicine not accredited by the Council on Education of the AVMA are eligible provided that the applicant presents satisfactory proof to the Board that the applicant is a graduate of a school or college of veterinary medicine and possesses an Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates (ECFVG) certificate or a Program for Apr 10, 2015 · Theme coverage in the five Codes of Professional Conduct. Professional standards for Queensland veterinarians. Section 4. I will assure my continued growth and development as a professional by utilizing, to the highest extent Nov 23, 2019 · FVE (Federation of Veterinarians of Europe) presented the revised European Veterinary Code of Conduct. VSBSA Record Keeping Guidelines. THE VETERINARY SURGEONS AND VETERINARY PARA-PROFESSIONALS ACT, 2011. 1 (relating to definitions); 49 Pa. Ideals In addition to adhering to the standards listed in the Code of Ethics, veterinary technicians must also strive to attain a number of ideals. Tim Blackwell, 6486 E. Under this act a veterinary nurses is also subject to the RCVS Code of Professional Conduct for Veterinary Nurses. in ethical decision making. The first half is the realm of David Favre, a professor of animal law at Michigan State University College of Law. The first principle in the code is: “A veterinarian shall be influenced only by the welfare of the patient, the needs of the client, the safety of the public, and the need to uphold the public trust vested in the veterinary profession, and shall avoid conflicts of 62 (1) The discipline committee, on application by the respondent, may by order. As members of the veterinary profession, students’ conduct and activities should reflect the honor and dignity of the profession, maintain an environment conducive to learning Part 1 – Governance (effective July 1, 2024) Schedule C – Prescribed Fees and Assessments (effective July 1, 2024) Part 2 – Registration (effective July 1, 2024) Part 3 – Accreditation and Naming. The 2021 update includes language that addresses the importance of professional self-care. Veterinary Ethics and the Law. Regulation. Aesculapian authority and professionalism confer on Annex A to the Bylaws -Nova Scotia Veterinary Medical Association – Standards for Facilities 2019 Nova Scotia Veterinary Medical Association Code of Ethics The National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America. 3885 1. ? The respondent registered veterinarian British Veterinary Association is registered in England No 206456 at 7 Mansfield Street, London, W1G 9NQ. 2. ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS. 5(2)) to adopt rules and regulations of professional conduct appropriate to establish and maintain a high standard of integrity, skill and practice in the profession of veterinary medicine. Oct 30, 2023 · The veterinary oath and the broader veterinary code of ethics are the base of the animal healthcare profession. All students shall follow the published rules of the Purdue University College of Veterinary Veterinarians practice the profession of veterinary medicine in a variety of situations and circumstances. I will assure my continued growth and development as a professional by utilizing, to the highest extent Oct 30, 2023 · The veterinary oath and the broader veterinary code of ethics are the base of the animal healthcare profession. 1 The honour and dignity of the veterinary profession lie in the observance of a just and reasonable Code of Ethics set forth as a guide to veterinarians. on its Annual Convention on February 23, 1992. May 27, 2021 · The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) promotes a code of ethics. Jan 29, 2018 · on professional ethics. Veterinary technicians shall represent their credentials or identify themselves with specialty organizations only if the designation has been awarded or earned. 204Board of Veterinary Medicine. 2 Veterinary nurses must provide independent and impartial advice and inform a client of any conflict of interest. Updated: 11/21/2023 (k) A certified veterinary technician shall report to the Board any veterinary technician or veterinarian deficient in professional competence, professional conduct or ethical conduct as described in this chapter, in accordance with the rules set forth in § 31. Please read the information provided on this page, and then follow the link at the bottom to sign your agreement. A sense of ethics in daily practice challenges veterinarians to I will practice my profession conscientiously, with dignity, and in keeping with the principles of veterinary medical ethics. We will maintain and protect our veterinary practices The Australian Veterinary Association Code of Professional Conduct presents and promotes a body of ethical principles to guide veterinarians’ conduct in their relationships with patients, clients, colleagues. Whether you're a veterinarian, a vet tech, or a vet nurse, these ethical guidelines serve as a constant reminder of the vital role you play in safeguarding animal health. Veterinary technology includes the promotion and maintenance of good health in animals, the care of diseased and injured animals, and the control of diseases transmissible from Apr 14, 2024 · A classic example of normative ethics is the golden rule based on the principle of treating others as one wants to be treated. practising veterinarians. § 31. VETERINARY ETHICS. You are required to sign the Entry Agreement before starting your course, no later than 31 August 2023. Each inspector shall evaluate a veterinary facility or vaccination clinic for compliance with the practice of veterinary medicine pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and chapter 638 of NRS. Understanding the ethical code that veterinarians work to can help pet-parents understand some of the difficult recommendations that vets Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 3 main functions of the code of ethics, (T/F) the ethical code provides an answer to every ethical question faced by members of the profession, (T/F) ethical standards are lower than or more lenient than the standards of the law and more. , qualified veterinarians are required to adhere to an ethical code of conduct laid out by the American Veterinary Medical Association, called the Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (PVME). In these circumstances, small actions and/or omissions can take on a disproportionate level of importance. AVMA policies are not, and do not supersede, law or regulation. 4. On occasion these obligations may confl ict. Chapter 577 General Administration and Duties. Part 4 – Ethics and Standards. According to FVE President Rens van Dobbenburgh, standards for the practice of veterinary medicine are necessary for the health and welfare of animals, for public health, and also to ensure public trust in the veterinary profession. The AVMA encourages veterinarians to voluntarily adhere to policies impacting the practice of veterinary medicine. Schedule D – Accreditation Standards. It helps to determine whether the action is right or wrong. egislative purpose. The following standards of behavior apply to all students enrolled in the Purdue University Veterinary Medical and the Purdue University Veterinary Technology Curricula. In the veterinary surgeons act under Schedule 3 exemptions it states what a vet nurse can undertake as well as a veterinary surgeon, this includes veterinary surgeons may direct registered or student veterinary nurses who they employ, to carry out limited veterinary surgery. Communication and consent] [ 7. Any breach by an SQP of the standards in this Code of Practice that is drawn to the attention of a registration body, including breaches of the Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2013 (VMR), shall be dealt with by that body in line with the disciplinary Our Code of Ethics. Indian Veterinary Council Act, 1984. A Veterinary practitioner shall not solicit clients. I accept as a lifelong obligation the continual improvement of my professional knowledge and competence. It provides 4 guiding principles: pursue the profession with dignity and integrity, serve the community to the utmost ability, ensure animal welfare, and seek no personal advantage at the expense of colleagues. In order to resolve ethical dilemmas, a minimum understanding of and exposure to moral theories is essential. The Veterinary Practitioners Code of Professional Conduct is located in the Veterinary Practice Regulation 2013 (schedule 2). Veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses should be aware that these events are often highly emotionally charged. It aims to ensure: Veterinarians provide high quality services for the benefit of animal health, animal welfare, public health and the environment; Oct 22, 2022 · 4. e. Ethics IN Veterinary Practice. 1 . 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A practitioner's view of convenience euthanasia is an example of which branch of ethics? A. This new Code goes hand in hand with the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE) VETFutures Europe project in which the challenges facing our Veterinary Technician Oath. Explore the veterinary oath by learning the key concepts expounded in the lesson through analysis. Dr. Veterinary Telemedicine – Professional Standard. A veterinary practitioner maintains their own health and wellbeing and takes steps to modify their practice if issues arise that may impact their performance and judgement. 687. A veterinarian has a moral obligation to animals, to society, to clients, to colleagues, to the profession, and to themselves. 91 KB. Indiana Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners; Code of Conduct. Adopted in 1960, the Principles replaced the 1940 Code of Veterinary Medical Ethics and the 1952 edition of the Principles, both of which lacked specificity and were regarded by many Mar 3, 2021 · rm their duties as set out in the by-laws or the written policies of the Directors. An inspector approved by the Board may conduct inspections of veterinary facilities and vaccination clinics. Which organization created the veterinary technician code of ethics? A) North American Veterinary Community (NAVC) B) National Association of Veterinary Technicians of America (NAVTA) C) American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) D) American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Click the card to flip FVE is proud to present the revised European Veterinary Code of Conduct. This chapter shall be known as the "Iowa Veteri. Preamble; Definitions; Chapter 2. Rights of Respondent. 011 Rules of Professional Conduct. Veterinary ethics is a s et of. Maintain and promote the profession of veterinary practice management. § 485. Administrative ethics D. 954. ion for ethical principles. Please limit your reply to approximately 50 words and forward along with your name and address to: Ethical Choices, c/o Dr. The new Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics is laid out according to general principles, veterinary responsibilities to animals, clients, the public, the veterinary team, and finally to the veterinarians themselves. 1 Euthanasia may be defined as ‘painless killing to relieve suffering’. The purpose of the Code is to assure the community the best service of which veterinarians are capable and to promote co-operation within the ranks of the profession. These policies are developed by peers on behalf of the profession. CVMA should review this code periodically to ensure that they remain complete and current. All veterinarians should read the Code and review it regularly. Therefore, in 2017 FVE decided to review the 2012 Code. Upon entering the practice of veterinary nursing each veterinary nurse accepts the responsibility and trust vested in the veterinary profession and the corresponding obligation to adhere to the profession’s PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT § 31. 29 of 2011) THE VETERINARY SURGEONS AND VETERINARY PARA- PROFESSIONALS (CODE OF ETHICS) REGULATIONS, 2015. Veterinary technicians promote and maintain good health in animals; care for diseased and injured animals; and assist in the control of diseases transmissible from animals to humans. VAT registration number GB 232 7441 80 Oct 1, 2016 · Ethics is a branch of philosophy and a systematic, intellectual approach to the standards of behavior. The AVMA Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics is an example. Intro to Vet Technology: Laws and Ethics. (No. 38 (relating to code of ethics for certified veterinary technicians); and 49 Pa. A Veterinarian's Code of Ethics. DDD-EK, Danish Veterinary Association Code of Ethics; FVE-EVCC The VHMA Pledge. 's code of professional ethics. Framework for applying the core values, principles and standards of the Australian Veterinary Association (AVA). The veterinary field lags behind, but is engaging in this developing area and including opportunities for exploring ethical issues during veterinary training. B. 86 MB. moral principles, drawn from pro fessional and animal ethics, to enable 20 CSR 2270-6. 1—Citation 2—Interpretation 3—Administration of oath 4—Guiding Code of Ethics. I accept my obligations to practice my profession conscientiously and with sensitivity, adhering to the profession’s Code of Ethics, and Veterinary Code of Conduct. S. of the professional curriculum for all veterinary students. It refl ects the profession’s core values which The American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACVP) is committed to a framework of common principles and standards of professional practice. The AVMA Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics are unique in that violation of these may result in May 28, 2020 · In the U. Please see the legal disclaimer below. Last updated: 09 Aug 2023. 3 The Society for Veterinary Medical Ethics was founded in 1994 by a group of veterinarians, biomedical researchers and academics to promote discussion and debate about ethical issues arising in and relevant to veterinary practice. When faced with an ethical dilemma, when the right course of action is unclear, it can be helpful to structure the thinking that is needed to make an ethical decision. to maintain archives of appropriate documents and materials related to these disciplines. Overall percentages are greater than 100 per cent due to coding overlap. tandard of ethical conduct. Historically, the CVMA and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Code of Ethics have been similar throughout the 474. Codes of Professional Conduct (CPCs) are pivotal instruments of self-regulation, providing the standards to which veterinarians should, and sometimes must, comply. 2 Veterinary surgeons must provide independent and impartial advice and inform a client of any conflict of interest. In case of acceptance, the Veterinarian is obliged to perform to the best of his/her clinical ability. Nov 21, 2023 · Understand the veterinarian's oath and the AVMA Code of Ethics. Veterinary nurses and clients. Read the official Veterinarian's Oath. The purpose of a professional code of ethics is to help members of a profession achieve high levels of behavior through moral consciousness, decision making, and practice. All students shall follow the published rules of the University. 1 Veterinary nurses must be open and honest with clients and respect their needs and requirements. Section 5. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like veterinarians and staff shall aid to society and animals by providing _____ care and service for Oct 22, 2022 · 5Veterinary Ethics and the Law. In such circumstances, the Code provides a framework to guide veterinarians in ethical decision making. 189. The Code will be used by VCNZ and its Committees as a standard by which to measure veterinarians’ professional conduct in the event of complaints and concerns being raised. Aligning the Code of Ethics with the Definition of Veterinary Professionalism supports this initiative. One of the principles of veterinary medical ethics in the PVME reads: ''A veterinarian shall be dedicated to providing competent veterinary medical care, with Kentucky Board of Veterinary Examiners is created, and its members, functions, and procedures shall be established in accordance with this chapter. Feb 11, 2015 · The newest iteration of the “Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics” was approved by the AVMA House of Delegates during its recent meeting. The Code is reviewed every 5 years under the NSW Government’s staged repeal program. Official: values formally adopted by organizations composed of members of that profession. This Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines for professional behavior and conduct for all members of the College of Veterinary Medicine. Feb 15, 2007 · The Veterinarian's Oath is an example. The Board is empowered under section 5(2) of the act (63 P. Faustino Turla and Dr. Codes of conduct and professional standards. Chapter 1. Administrative ethics B Apr 24, 2024 · Introduction. Which type of ethics do the following documents uphold: the American Veterinary Medical Association's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics, the Veterinary Hospital Managers Association's Code of Ethics, and the National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America's Code of Ethics? Click the card to flip 👆. These are mandatory and are standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct for all ACVO Members. Barry Kipperman and Bernard E. Regulates the delivery of The document that provides for the regulation of professional behavior of veterinarians in the United States is the Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics. The AVMA Judicial Council modeled this version after the American Medical Association’s Code of Ethics. 1]169. Anacleto B. The Code of Ethics is implemented to assure the public of the quality service standards veterinarians are capable of, and promote co-operation among veterinary industry professionals. Chapter 571 Licensing. qa rr fc va eg gb tr ne ul ik